CFR Title 47 Section 15.231 Periodic operation in the band 40.66-40.70 MHz and above 70 MHz of the Electronic Code of Federal RegulationsThis subpart sets forth the regulations for unlicensed white space devices. These devices are unlicensed intentional radiators that operate on available TV channels in the broadcast television frequency bands, the 600 MHz band (including the guard bands and duplex gap), and in 608-614 MHz (channel 37).CFR Part 15 is the section of Title 47 that defines and regulates radiofrequency emissions. These include intentional emissions, such as the radiation of phones and radios that use RF to communicate. However, there’s also unintentional and incidental radiation which are the accidental byproduct of operations. Anything which produces these ...Navigate by entering citations or phrases (eg: 1 CFR 1.1 49 CFR 172.101 Organization and Purpose 1/1.1 Regulation Y FAR). Choosing an item from citations and headings will bring you directly to the content. Choosing an item from full text search results will bring you to those results. Pressing enter in the search box will also bring you to ...In most cases, a forklift license or certification lasts for three years. However, there are some circumstances that require an individual go through retraining to become certified again. These circumstances are outlined in 29 CFR 1910.178(...Title 47 was last amended 10/02/2023. view historical versions. There have been changes in the last two weeks to Chapter I. view changes. New Agency Features: It is now possible to filter search results and recent changes by agency or agencies. It is also possible to subscribe to the eCFR changes from single or multiple agencies.47 CFR Part 2 Agency Federal Communications Commission ... The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) ... 11°30′ North and 60° East, 15° North; and ...View the PDF for 47 CFR Part 18; These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. As a result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR. ... 15 15 × SQRT(power/500) 300 1 300 Industrial heaters and RF stabilized arc welders: On or below 5,725 MHz Above 5,725 MHz: Any Any: 10 (2) 1,600 (2)50. *Decreases with the logarithm of the frequency. ( b) For a Class A digital device that is designed to be connected to the public utility (AC) power line, the radio frequency voltage that is conducted back onto the AC power line on any frequency or frequencies within the band 150 kHz to 30 MHz shall not exceed the limits in the following ... §15.247 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–13 Edition) output power is the highest total trans-mit power occurring in any mode. (4) The conducted output power limit specified in paragraph (b) of this sec-tion is based on the use of antennas with directional …View the PDF for 47 CFR 15.245 These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. As a result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR.CFR Part 15 is the section of Title 47 that defines and regulates radiofrequency emissions. These include intentional emissions, such as the radiation of pho...Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL; PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES; Subpart A—General § 15.31 Measurement standards.47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549. 54 FR 17714, Apr. 25, 1989, unless otherwise noted.CFR Part 15 is the section of Title 47 that defines and regulates radiofrequency emissions. These include intentional emissions, such as the radiation of phones and radios that use RF to communicate. However, there's also unintentional and incidental radiation which are the accidental byproduct of operations. Anything which produces these ...49.970. ( c) The field strength of the fundamental emission shall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.The field strength of emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed 150 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limits in this paragraph are based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.Title 47. Displaying title 47, up to date as of 10/11/2023. Title 47 was last amended 10/02/2023. New Agency Features: It is now possible to filter search results and recent changes by agency or agencies. It is also possible to subscribe to the eCFR changes from single or multiple agencies.FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Class A ICES‐003, Issue 7 Class A EN 301 489‐1 V2.2.3 EN 301 489‐17 V3.2.4 EN 300 328 V2.2.2 EN 301 893 V2.1.1 RoHS EN IEC 63000:2018 Telecom ES 203 021‐1 v2.1.1 / ES 203 021‐2 v2.1.2 / ES 203 021‐3 v2.1.2; FCC Rules & Regulations 47 CFR Part 68 Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL; PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES; Subpart A—General § 15.5 General conditions of operation.The conducted and radiated emission limits shown in this part are based on the following, unless otherwise specified in this part: ( a) On any frequency or frequencies below or equal to 1000 MHz, the limits shown are based on measuring equipment employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector function and related measurement bandwidths, unless otherwise ...If a frequency stability is not specified in the regulations, it is recommended that the fundamental emission be kept within at least the central 80% of the permitted band in order to minimize the possibility of out-of-band operation. [ 54 FR 17714, Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at 62 FR 45333, Aug. 27, 1997; 67 FR 34855, May 16, 2002; 69 FR 3265 ...50. *Decreases with the logarithm of the frequency. ( b) For a Class A digital device that is designed to be connected to the public utility (AC) power line, the radio frequency voltage that is conducted back onto the AC power line on any frequency or frequencies within the band 150 kHz to 30 MHz shall not exceed the limits in the following ... For the purpose of this subpart, a device that operates in the 5.850–5.895 GHz band or in the 5.925–7.125 GHz band under the control of an Indoor Access Point, is supplied power from a wired connection, has an integrated antenna, is not battery powered, does not have a weatherized enclosure, and does not have a direct connection to the ...For all other frequency hopping systems in the 2400–2483.5 MHz band: 0.125 watts. ( 2) For frequency hopping systems operating in the 902–928 MHz band: 1 watt for systems employing at least 50 hopping channels; and, 0.25 watts for systems employing less than 50 hopping channels, but at least 25 hopping channels, as permitted under paragraph ... 47 CFR Part 15 covers electronic and electrical devices sold, imported, or manufactured in the United States. In this guide, we explain what you must know about device types, labeling requirements, …May 13, 2022 · The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) governs various parts of the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Among them is 47 CFR Part 15 , which covers regulations for radio frequency devices. These devices include Bluetooth and WiFi devices, mobile phones, computers, coffee makers, and more. 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549. 54 FR 17714, Apr. 25, 1989, unless otherwise noted.Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL; PART 1—PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE; Subpart I—Procedures Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 1.1310 Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits.Title 47, part 15 of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. '; Toggle navigation eCFR. Home; Title 47 PART 15. CFR › Title 47 › Volume 1 › Chapter I › Subchapter A › Part 15. Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices. PART 15 - RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES . Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549.Article: Rules of FCC Title 47 Part 15 Subpart E. Wi-Fi 6E, the next step in Wi-Fi evolution, has been developed with the goal of ensuring worldwide adoption ...Operation shall not resume until the condition causing the harmful interference has been corrected. ( d) Intentional radiators that produce Class B emissions (damped wave) are prohibited. [ 54 FR 17714, Apr. 25, 1989, as amended at 75 FR 63031, Oct. 13, 2010]U-NII devices operating in the 5.25–5.35 GHz band and the 5.47–5.725 GHz band shall employ a TPC mechanism. The U-NII device is required to have the capability to operate at least 6 dB below the mean EIRP value of 30 dBm. A TPC mechanism is not required for systems with an e.i.r.p. of less than 500 mW.For all other frequency hopping systems in the 2400–2483.5 MHz band: 0.125 watts. ( 2) For frequency hopping systems operating in the 902–928 MHz band: 1 watt for systems employing at least 50 hopping channels; and, 0.25 watts for systems employing less than 50 hopping channels, but at least 25 hopping channels, as permitted under paragraph ... § 18.101 Basis and purpose. The rules in this part, in accordance with the applicable treaties and agreements to which the United States is a party, are promulgated pursuant to section 302 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, vesting the Federal Communications Commission with authority to regulate industrial, scientific, and medical equipment (ISM) that emits electromagnetic energy ...Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 (47 CFR 15) is an oft-quoted part of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations regarding unlicensed transmissions. It is a part of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and regulates everything from spurious emissions to unlicensed low-power broadcasting. Nearly every electronics device sold inside the United States radiates unintentional emissions, and must be reviewed to comply with Part 15 bef…47 CFR 15.212 Agency Federal Communications Commission. Part 15. Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549. ... alternative means in the application for equipment authorization that the modular transmitter meets all the applicable part 15 requirements under the operating conditions in which the transmitter will be used ...2022. 4. 24. ... The FCC's rules and regulations are located in Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). FCC Part 15 Device Classes. The FCC has ...May 13, 2022 · The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) governs various parts of the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Among them is 47 CFR Part 15 , which covers regulations for radio frequency devices. These devices include Bluetooth and WiFi devices, mobile phones, computers, coffee makers, and more. CFR Title 47: Telecommunication. PART 97—AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE - Updated April 14, 2022. Contents. Subpart A-General Provisions §97.1 Basis and purpose. §97.3 Definitions. §97.5 Station license required. §97.7 Control operator required. §97.9 Operator license grant. §97.11 Stations aboard ships or aircraft. §97.13 Restrictions on station location.Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL; PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES; Subpart A—General § 15.31 Measurement standards.9/15/2023 view on this date view change introduced compare to most recent; 8/16/2023 ... View the PDF for 47 CFR Part 73; These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. As a result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to …马上注册，结交更多电磁兼容工程师，享用更多功能，让你轻松玩转社区。 · FCC Part 15 · Part 15A · 47 CFR FCC Rules and Regulations Part 15 Subpart B, Class B Digital ...PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Subpart A—General Sec. 15.1 Scope of this part. 15.3 Definitions. 15.5 General conditions of operation. ... Pt. 15 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–21 Edition) 15.103 Exempted devices. 15.105 Information to the user. 15.107 Conducted limits.Title 47 was last amended 10/16/2023. There have been changes in the last two weeks to Title 47. New Agency Features: It is now possible to filter search results and recent changes by agency or agencies. It is also possible to subscribe to the eCFR changes from single or multiple agencies. (1) Persons with disabilities: In the context of part 15 rules (47 CFR part 15), the term “disability,” with respect to the individual, has the meaning given to it by section 3(2)(A) of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102(2)(A)), i.e., a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the ...Title 47, part 15 of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. '; Toggle navigation eCFR. Home; Title 47 PART 15. CFR › Title 47 › Volume 1 › Chapter I › Subchapter A › Part 15. Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices. PART 15 - RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES . Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549.Operation onboard an aircraft, a ship or a satellite is prohibited. ( b) Manufacturers and users are reminded of the provisions of §§ 15.203 and 15.204. ( c) Emissions from digital circuitry used to enable the operation of the UWB transmitter shall comply with the limits in § 15.209, rather than the limits specified in this subpart, provided ...CFR Title 47 Section 15.247 Operation within the bands 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. ... , secondary only to ISM equipment operated under the provisions of part 18 of this chapter. Many of these Government systems are airborne radiolocation systems that emit a high EIRP which can ...Webmade available to the FCC upon re-quest. PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Subpart A—General Sec. 15.1 Scope of this part. 15.3 Definitions. 15.5 General …Standards FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart B/Oct. 2014 and ICES-003 Issue 5 Aug. 2012 We hereby certify that the above product has been tested by us and complied with the FCC and IC official limits. These products might be marketed at the US in accordance with FCC Rule based on the standard 47 CFR Part 2 and Part 15 Subpart B class BSeat belts are more than just a belt and latch. Many different parts compose a system designed to keep you in your seat and in the vehicle, when it is crucial. Seat belts are more than just a belt and latch. Many different parts compose a s...§ 95.3385 76–81 GHz Band Radar Service RF exposure evaluation. Regardless of the power density levels permitted under this subpart, devices operating under the provisions of this subpart are subject to the radiofrequency radiation exposure requirements specified in §§ 1.1307(b), 2.1091, and 2.1093 of this chapter, as appropriate.Applications for equipment authorization of …Title 47 was last amended 10/02/2023. view historical versions. There have been changes in the last two weeks to Subpart A. view change. New Agency Features: It is now possible to filter search results and recent changes by agency or agencies. It is also possible to subscribe to the eCFR changes from single or multiple agencies.Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 14—Aeronautics and Space; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION; SUBCHAPTER C—AIRCRAFT; PART 47—AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION; Subpart A—General § 47.15 Registration number. Title 47. Displaying title 47, up to date as of 10/11/2023. Title 47 was last amended 10/02/2023. New Agency Features: It is now possible to filter search results and recent changes by agency or agencies. It is also possible to subscribe to the eCFR changes from single or multiple agencies. Consult the reader aid pages to learn more.PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Subpart A—General Sec. 15.1 Scope of this part. 15.3 Definitions. 15.5 General conditions of operation. 15.7 [Reserved] ... §15.3 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–10 Edition) (b) The operation of an intentional or unintentional radiator that is …CFR. ›. Title 47. ›. Volume 1. ›. Chapter I. ›. Subchapter A. ›. Part 15 ›. Subpart B ›. Section 15.107. 15.107 Conducted limits. § 15.107 Conducted limits.CFR. ›. Title 47. ›. Volume 1. ›. Chapter I. ›. Subchapter A. ›. Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices. PART 15 - RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549. Source: 54 FR 17714, Apr. 25, 1989, unless otherwise noted. Authority: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, 544a, and 549.Excluded from the requirements of this part 4 are those equipment manufacturers or vendors that do not maintain or provide communications networks or services used by communications providers in offering communications. [ 69 FR 70338, Dec. 3, 2004, as amended at 77 FR 25097, Apr. 27, 2012; 83 FR 7401, Feb. 21, 2018]47 CFR PART 15. October 1, 2021. RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES. Scope of this part. (a) This part sets out the regulations under which an intentional, unintentional, or incidental …View the PDF for 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart B; These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. As a result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR. Learn more.KDB Publication 905462. Part 15, U-NII/DFS. Compliance Measurement Procedures for Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices Operating in the 5250 MHz to 5350 and 5470 MHz to 5725 MHz Bands incorporating Dynamic Frequency Selection. [ KDB] Equipment Operating in Licensed Radio Services.U-NII devices operating in the 5.25–5.35 GHz band and the 5.47–5.725 GHz band shall employ a TPC mechanism. The U-NII device is required to have the capability to operate at least 6 dB below the mean EIRP value of 30 dBm. A TPC mechanism is not required for systems with an e.i.r.p. of less than 500 mW. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL; PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICESPart 15 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations is important to amateurs because it regulates low power, unlicensed devices that could cause interference to the Amateur …KDB Publication 905462. Part 15, U-NII/DFS. Compliance Measurement Procedures for Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices Operating in the 5250 MHz to 5350 and 5470 MHz to 5725 MHz Bands incorporating Dynamic Frequency Selection. [ KDB] Equipment Operating in Licensed Radio Services.Details of requirements for modular approval can be found in CFR Title 47 Part 15.212. Ancillary information. A few ancillary documents and calculations required for the filing process include the emission designator, …47 CFR Part 2 Agency Federal Communications Commission ... The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) ... 11°30′ North and 60° East, 15° North; and ... Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; ... PART 18—INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT; 47 CFR Part 18 - PART 18 ...FCC Part 15 Subpart H – Television Band Devices. The FCC definition is “Intentional radiators that operate on an unlicensed basis on available channels in the broadcast television frequency bands at 54–60 MHz (TV channel 2), 76–88 MHz (TV channels 5 and 6), 174–216 MHz (TV channels 7–13), 470–608 MHz (TV channels 14–36) and 614 ...Displaying title 47, up to date as of 8/31/2023. Title 47 was last amended 8/29/2023. view historical versions. Title 47. Chapter I. Subchapter A. Part 15. Subpart E. § 15.401.47 CFR 15.5outlaws the intentional damped waver transmissions that unnecessarily occupy massive frequencies. 47 CFR 15.9 disallows the operations of any part 15 device for purposes of eavesdropping unless all parties in a conversation consent or if it is intended for law enforcementThe conducted and radiated emission limits shown in this part are based on the following, unless otherwise specified in this part: ( a) On any frequency or frequencies below or equal to 1000 MHz, the limits shown are based on measuring equipment employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector function and related measurement bandwidths, unless otherwise ...Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 47—Telecommunication; CHAPTER I—FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION; SUBCHAPTER A—GENERAL; PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES; Subpart A—General § 15.5 General conditions of operation. 2022. 5. 13. ... Among them is 47 CFR Part 15, which covers regulations for radio frequency devices. These devices include Bluetooth and WiFi devices, mobile ...The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply. ( c) The field strength of any emissions radiated on any frequency outside of the specified 200 kHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209. ( d) A custom built telemetry intentional radiator operating in the frequency band 88–108 MHz and used for ... —[Amended section 18 of Title 15 , Commerce and Trade.] "(c) Federal, State ... part 19 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations; and. "(2) execute a ...part and section num-ber. Thus, 47 CFR 80.1 refers to title 47, part 80, section 1. kpayne on VMOFRWIN702 with $$_JOB VerDate Sep<11>2014 15:32 Jun 10, 2022 Jkt 253219 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 8092 Sfmt 8092 Q:\47\47V5.TXT PC31-Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), title 47 Part 15.201(a)&(b) For unintentional radiators: Except as otherwise exempted in CFR Title 47 Parts 15.23, 15.103 and 15.113, unintentional radiators shall be authorized prior to the initiation of marketing, as follows: Type of deviceRating Action: Moody's downgrades Resolute's CFR to B1; outlook negativeVollständigen Artikel bei Moodys lesen Indices Commodities Currencies StocksSubpart A—General (§§ 15.1 - 15.38) Subpart B—Unintentional Radiators (§§ 15.101 - 15.123) Subpart C—Intentional Radiators (§§ 15.201 - 15.258) Subpart D—Unlicensed Personal Communications Service Devices (§§ 15.301 - 15.323) Subpart E—Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices (§§ 15.401 - 15.407) 47 CFR PART 15. October 1, 2021. RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES. Scope of this part. (a) This part sets out the regulations under which an intentional, unintentional, or incidental radiator may be operated without an individual license. It also contains the... 47 CFR PART 15. October 1, 2020. RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES. Scope of this part.PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Subpart A—General Sec. 15.1 Scope of this part. 15.3 Definitions. 15.5 General conditions of operation. 15.7 [Reserved] 15.9 Prohibition against eavesdropping. 15.11 Cross reference. 15.13 Incidental radiators. 15.15 General technical requirements. 15.17 Susceptibility to interference. 15.19 Labelling ...47 CFR 1.1310 Agency Federal Communications Commission. Part 1. Authority: 47 U.S.C. chs. 2, 5, 9, 13; 28 U.S.C. 2461. ... of 1.6 W/kg, averaged over any 1 gram of tissue (defined as a tissue volume in the shape of a cube). Exceptions are the parts of the human body treated as extremities, such as hands, wrists, feet, ankles, and pinnae, where ...§ 15.250: Operation of wideband systems within the band 5925–7250 MHz. § 15.251: Operation within the bands 2.9–3.26 GHz, 3.267–3.332 GHz, 3.339–3.3458 GHz, and 3.358–3.6 GHz. § 15.252: Operation of wideband vehicular radar systems within the band 23.12–29.0 GHz. § 15.253 [Reserved] § 15.255: Operation within the band 57–71 ...2021. 10. 5. ... Part 15 of the FCC rules (CFR Title 47) for. "Getinge Connect module X10". Manufacturer: (Manufacturer of host product/device). Name and ...The technical requirements are generally specified in the applicable FCC rule parts and t, PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Subpart A—General Sec. 15.1 Scope of this part. 15.3 Definition, § 15.103 Exempted devices. Except as provided in paragraph (j) of this section, the follow, CFR Part 15 is the section of Title 47 that defines and regulat, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 (47 CFR 15) is an oft-quoted part of Federal Commun, 13.36–13.41. 1 Until February 1, 1999, this restricted band sh, re: fcc title 47 cfr part 15 - fcc part 15b相关技术法规列表 - 电磁兼容 信息技术类设备属于美国联邦法规汇编（CFR）第47篇中的数字设备无意辐射体规定范畴。 进入美国市场需要满足F, This equipment has been tested and found to comply wi, Title 47. Displaying title 47, up to date as of 10/11/2023. Title 47 , This equipment has been tested and found to comply with , CNF means “cost and freight” or “cost net freight” and a CNF pr, § 15.103 Exempted devices. Except as provided in paragraph (j) of thi, Title 47, part 90 of the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. '; To, The field strength of emissions radiated on any frequency outside of, Title 47. Displaying title 47, up to date as of 10/11/2023., PART 15—RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICES Subpart A—General Se, Radio Frequency Devices. 15.1 – 15.717. Subpart B. Unintentional R, CFR. ›. Title 47. ›. Volume 1. ›. Chapter I. ›. Su.