We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.D&D 5E Physical Stat Generator Select a Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition race and generate an appropriate random height, weight, and age for your next character...BMI stands for body mass index. You can use this measure to figure out if your body fat and weight is appropriate for your height. You can also use a BMI chart to analyze your BMI. A higher BMI indicates more body fat, and a lower BMI indic...Table: Human Random Height and Weight; Gender Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier Male: 4’ 10” +2d10: 120 lb. × (2d4) lb. Female: 4’ 5” +2d10: 85 lb.Speed - 30 feet is the base Swimming and Walking speed of Triton 5E. Size - They are less human size and could be 5 feet tall. Most commonly they are Medium in size. Amphibious - Tritons can easily breathe both air and water. Age - Up to 200 years they can live like humans. They get matured after the age of 15 years.5e 4e 3e 2e Various depictions of tieflings. Tiefling. 5e 4e 3e 2e 5th ... Average height. 4′11″‒6′ (150‒180 cm) Average weight. 114‒238 lb (51.7‒108 kg) Skin color(s) Same as humans, plus shades of red. Hair color(s)Easy to use children growth chart calculator. Helps you determine the weight-age percentile of your child. Get results based on US CDC data for adolescents. ... Weight-Length (China 0-3 years) Weight-Height (China 3-18 years) Preterm Infant Growth Charts: Weight-Age (23-41 Gestational Weeks) Length-Age (23-41 Gestational Weeks) Head ...They'd be that height practically. But dwarves are also very stocky and well built, as well as quite heavy. Normal kobolds weigh between 25 and 35 pounds. Normal dwarves weigh an average of 150 pounds. Your big kobolds have to be big, not just tall, to match up with a dwarf. I'm only just talking about heights.The birth of a genasi, whether a slave, a noble, or a member of a desert tribe, is an auspicious event. Most Athasians believe a given genasi is destined for greatness—or infamy. Those living on the frontier, though, have a much harder time. People there tend to be less accepting of differences.Size: Gnomes are between 3 and 4 feet tall and average about 40 pounds. Your size is Small. Speed: Your base walking speed is 25 feet. Darkvision: Accustomed to life underground, you have superior vision in dark and dim conditions. You can see in dim light within 60 feet of you as if it were bright light, and in darkness as if it were dim light.Graceful warriors and wizards at home in the eldritch twilight of the Feywild Average Height: 5´ 5˝–6´ 1˝ Average Weight: 130–180 lb. Ability Scores: +2 Dexterity, +1 Intelligence Size: Medium Speed: 6 squares Vision: Low-light Languages: Common, Elven Skill Bonuses: +2 Arcana, +2 History Eladrin Education: You gain training in one additional skill. Eladrin …Follow these steps to read the chart: Find your height (inches) in the left-hand column. Scan across the row to find your weight (pounds). Scan upward to the top of the column to find the ...Height and Weight. To determine a character’s height, roll the modifier dice indicated on Table: Random Height and Weight and add the result, in inches, to the base height for your character’s race and gender. To determine a character’s weight, multiply the result of the modifier dice by the weight multiplier and add the result to the ...Ability Score Increase: +2 STR and +1 CON make the half-orc a wonderful pick for almost any martial class. Alignment: Half-orcs tend to lean towards their chaotic nature. When raised among their orc counterparts, they are usually evil. Size: Half-orcs are medium creatures, ranging from 5-6 feet tall.Volo's Guide to Monsters. (Volo's Guide to Monsters, page 104) Your aasimar character has the following racial traits. Ability Score Increase. Your Charisma score increases by 2. Age. Aasimar mature at the same rate as humans, but they can live up to 160 years. Size. Aasimar have the same range of height and weight as humans.Saying this, because of how new they are, there is not much of a framework of how they should align. • Size. Verdans are between 3 and 4 feet tall at the start. Your size is Small until you reach 5th level where you get a 2 foot growth spurt and become a Medium creature. • Speed.Humans have a Base Height of 4'8", a Height Modifier of 2d10, a Base Weight of 110 lb. and a weight modifier of 2d4. Height = 4'8" + 11 ( 2d10) = 5'7" Weight = 110 lb. + (11 ( 2d10) x 5 ( 2d4 )) = 165 lb. This method is for coming up with a random weight, but anything within or near the range would be acceptable.A typical goliath is larger than the largest half-orc. Most stand between 7 and 8 feet tall and weigh between 280 and 340 pounds. Unlike with most other races, there is no appreciable difference in height or weight between male and female goliaths. Goliaths have gray skin, mottled with dark and light patches that goliath shamans say hint at a ...Leonin 5e Traits. Ability Score Increase: +2 CON is useful for just about any class (who doesn't want more hitpoints?), but the +1 STR narrows the viability of this array for most non-martial classes. Typically, CON is a secondary or tertiary focus, so getting +2 to it and a bonus to STR can leave most builds looking for spellcasting ...If you want more specific information on a given creature, many entries in the 3.5E Monster Manuals included a section on typical height and weight. For example.... An Astral Deva is about 7-1/2 feet tall and weighs about 250 lbs. 3.5E MM, page 11. A Displacer Beast is the size of a Bengal Tiger, about 9 feet long and weighs about 500 lbs. page 67Woefully, NO official chart or table regarding the height (and weight) size ranges for each size category of creatures appears in DMG of Dungeons and Dragons 5the edition (D&D 5e). The Dungeon Master's Guide (DMG) 2003, on the other hand, has a table for size ranges for each size category of creatures in D&D 3.5e.Data Table of Stature-for-age Charts. Males, Ages 2-20 Years. Females, Ages 2-20 Years. Males, Ages 2-20 Years. Age (in months) 3rd Percentile Stature (in centimeters) 5th Percentile Stature (in centimeters) 10th Percentile Stature (in centimeters) 25th Percentile Stature (in centimeters)Or determine your BMI by finding your height and weight in this BMI Index Chart. If your BMI is less than 18.5, it falls within the underweight range. If your BMI is 18.5 to 24.9, it falls within the Healthy Weight range. If your BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls within the overweight range. If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, it falls within the obese ...Average Height and Weight. Average height modifier: 11 inches. Average weight modifier: 77 pounds. Dominant Traits +2 Strength; Natural Athlete; Stone's Endurance; Recessive Traits +1 Constitution; Powerful Build; Mountain Born; Grung Average Height and Weight. Height and weight not given. Dominant Traits +2 Dexterity; Small Size; 25 foot speed ...Table B-1: Weight for height table (screening table weight), page 21 Table B-2: Maximum allowable percent body fat standards, page 21 Table B-3: Instructions for completing DA Form 5500 ...And since Harengon are brand new with no height info whatsoever, I found the idea of 7 and a half foot tall bunny people hilarious, so that’s what I did. Also a 7’6” Harengon would weigh a minimum of 73 lbs and average of 193 lbs. due to the weight modifier. quuerdude • Bountifully Lucky • 7 mo. ago. A BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 suggests a healthy weight range. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 may indicate overweight. A BMI of 30 or higher may indicate …Giff are a race of pistol-wielding space hippos which were exclusive to Spelljammer until 5th edition, when they were introduced as a monster long before we learned that Spelljammer was making an official return. Historically, we've known a few things about the Giff: They love guns and explosions, they get around on spelljammer ships, and ...Size. Tortle adults stand 5 to 6 feet tall and average 450 pounds. Their shells account for roughly one-third of their weight. Your size is Medium. Speed. Your base walking speed is 30 feet. Claws. Your claws are natural weapons, which you …This is article is covered by varying licenses, rather than the Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike License.Please see the Sources section for individual sources and licenses.Anders plays D&D too and over on Reddit's DnD Next community shared this giants size comparison. It shows the cloud giant on the left which stands, on average, at 7.3m or 24 feet tall, through to the storm giant on the right which is even taller at 7.9m or 26 feet. The hill giant is the smallest drawn and manages a 'mere' 4.9m or 16 feet.Random Height and Weight. Table: Kobold Random Height and Weight Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier 2′ 1″ +2d4: 25 lb. x 1 lb. Back to Main Page → 5e Homebrew → Character Options → Race Variants. Open Game Content (place problems on the discussion page).Gnomes have a Base Height of 38" for males and 36" inches for females, while Halflings have a Base Height of 32" for males and 30" for females. So, case-closed right? Gnomes are taller than Halflings. Not so fast! There is also a modifier you roll for height, which for the Gnome is only a 1d6, while for the Halfling this is 2d8.Species Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier Angara 168 cmAge. You can choose or randomly generate your character’s age. If you choose it, it must be at least the minimum age for the character’s race and class (see Table: Random Starting Ages).Your character’s minimum starting age is the adulthood age of his or her race plus the number of dice indicated in the entry corresponding to the character’s race and class on …125 tons or more. 30 ft. 30 ft. 20 ft. ×16. ×24. This modifier applies to the bull rush, grapple, overrun, and trip special attacks. Biped's height, quadruped's body length (nose to base of tail) Assumes that the creature is roughly as dense as a regular animal.Jan 3, 2007 · Jan 3, 2007. #5. Human Male, Base height = 4'10" + 2d10" (Height Modifier), Base Weight = 120lbs + (Height Modifier roll * (2d4))lbs. PHB said: The dice roll given in the Height Modifier column determines the character's extra height beyond base height. That same number multiplied by the dice roll or quantity given in the Weight Modifier column ... The ideal body weight in kilograms is 50 kg+ 1.9 kg in every inch above 5 feet in respect of men. While for women, it should be 49kg+ 1.7kg for in every inch after 5 feet.Find a calculator that will let you and the BMI = 5.1. Scale a 5.1 BMI up to 5'5" and the weight would be 30.5lbs!!!! Let's try again with a very short 17" owl to boost the BMI. A 8.5 BMI scaled to 5'5" = 51lbs! Last try with the most generous, shortest owl at maximum weight. 17" at 5.5lbs is a 13.4 BMI, once scaled to 5'5" = 80lbs!Languages Abyssal. Challenge 3 (700 XP) Charge. If the minotaur moves at least 10 ft. straight toward a target and then hits it with a gore attack on the same turn, the target takes an extra 9 (2d8) piercing damage. If the target is a creature, it must succeed on a DC 14 Strength saving throw or be pushed up to 10 ft. away and knocked prone.Size. In pixie form fairy sizes ranging from 3 to 5 inches in pixie form. In giant form they are 12 times this size, going from 3 to 5 inches to 3 to 5 feet tall. Your size is tiny as a pixies and medium as a giant. Speed. Your base walking speed is 30 feet, and your base flying speed is 25 feet. Transformation. Table: Goblin Random Height and Weight Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier 2′ 11″ +2d4: 40 lb. × 1 lb. The birth of a genasi, whether a slave, a noble, or a member of a desert tribe, is an auspicious event. Most Athasians believe a given genasi is destined for greatness—or infamy. Those living on the frontier, though, have a much harder time. People there tend to be less accepting of differences. Published: 2017/11/30 - Updated: 2023/09/03 Author: Disabled World - Contact Details Peer-Reviewed: N/A - Publication Type: Conversion / Calculation Related Papers: Latest - Complete List On This Page: Summary - Defining Height to Weight - Main Article - About/Author Synopsis: Optimum average weight to height ratio chart calculates how …First, you need to get 10 feet into the air and fall. A character can high jump 3+Str with a running start, so aside from barbarians who have hit 24 Strength at level 20, your character will require magical assistance to reliably activate glide. Look for the Jump spell or magic items like Boots of Striding and Springing.Healthy weight: Your BMI is 18.5 to 24.9. Overweight: Your BMI is 25 to 29.9. Obese: Your BMI is 30 or higher. The chart below shows examples of body mass indexes. The figure at which your height ...Height Moderate weight BMI 19-24 Overweight BMI 25-29 Obesity BMI 30-39 Severe obesity BMI 40+ 4 ft 10 in (58 in) 91-115 lb: 119-138 lb: 143-186 lbHarengon - DND 5th Edition. Harengon. Source: The Wild Beyond The Witchlight. Harengons originated in the Feywild, where they spoke Sylvan and embodied the spirit of freedom and travel. In time, these rabbitfolk hopped into other worlds, bringing the fey realm's exuberance with them and learning new languages as they went.Protein Calculator. Fat Intake Calculator. TDEE Calculator. GFR Calculator. Body Type Calculator. Body Surface Area Calculator. BAC Calculator. Explore a variety of free fitness and health calculators including a BMI calculator, body fat calculator, calorie calculator, and many more.Late I know, I was looking up something similar but saw your post and thought to share this. This is what I find when I go to the Goliath page in my Elemental Evil Player's Companion book: Goliaths are between 7 and 8 feet tall and weigh between 280 and 340 pounds. Your size is Medium.Size: Aarakocra are about 5ft tall and have light weight bodies of 80 - 100lbs. Speed: Your base walking speed is 25 feet. Standing Jump:When you're in 1st level you can jump (it might be a long jump or High Jump) from your standing position Without your first move 10 feet and also you can ignore the half distance penalty.Half-Elf. Flint squinted into the setting sun. He thought he saw the figure of a man striding up the path. Standing, Flint drew back into the shadow of a tall pine to see better. The man’s walk was marked by an easy grace—an elvish grace, Flint would have said; yet the man’s body had the thickness and tight muscles of a human, while the ...Late I know, I was looking up something similar but saw your post and thought to share this. This is what I find when I go to the Goliath page in my Elemental Evil Player's Companion book: Goliaths are between 7 and 8 feet tall and weigh between 280 and 340 pounds. Your size is Medium.The Height table is on page 121 of the Player's Handbook. This puts High and Wood elves at about 5'5" on average and Drow an average of 5'0". In previous editions elves were shorter than that, ranging from 4'7" to 5'4". I always preferred the taller elves from Dark Sun where they averaged near 7' tall. Ultimately, it's up to you and your world ...Leonin are typically over 6 feet tall, with some standing over 7 feet. Your size is Medium. Speed. Your base walking speed is 35 feet. Darkvision. You can see in dim light within 60 feet of you as if it were bright light and in darkness as if it were dim light. You can't discern color in darkness, only shades of gray. Claws.Kenku 5e Traits. Ability Score Increase: +2 DEX and +1 WIS is a good combination for several classes. Size: Medium is the typical size of most races, and is neither good nor bad. Speed: Kenku have a standard walking speed of 30 feet. Expert Forgery: This trait is pretty underwhelming.The BMI calculation divides an adult's weight in kilograms (kg) by their height in metres (m) squared. For example, if you weigh 70kg (around 11 stone) and are 1.73m (around 5 feet 8 inches) tall, you work out your BMI by: squaring your height: 1.73x1.73 = 2.99. dividing 70 by 2.99 = 23.41.1. Use the Calishite entry for Duparis and Zakharans. 2. Use the Chondathan entry for Mazticans (Nexalans) and Turami. 3. Use the Damaran entry for Halruaans, Lantannas, Netherese, Shaarans, Shou, Tashalans, Tuigans, and Vaasans. 4.Or determine your BMI by finding your height and weight in this BMI Index Chart. If your BMI is less than 18.5, it falls within the underweight range. If your BMI is 18.5 to 24.9, it falls within the Healthy Weight range. If your BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls within the overweight range. If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, it falls within the obese ...Random Genasi Height and Weight; Gender Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier; Female ... 5e satheyo satheyo satheyo 2018-01-01T23:29:32Z 2018-01 ...The original height and weight chart in 5e isn't particularly remarkable, and certainly not a major game mechanic. But it always bothered me a little… someone 7'2″ being 350 pounds seemed excessive. I thought someone 4'0″ being 75# was too small (although that turned out to be incorrect). I took a good long look, starting off by ...The recommended paper weight is 80#. Charts should be printed as two-sided copies, in the following combinations for each sex: Infants, birth to 36 months: Side 1: Length for age + Weight-for-age; Side 2: Head circumference-for-age + Weight-for-length; Children and adolescents, 2 to 20 years:Kalashtar are a race of humanoids bound to good-aligned spirits from the Dreamlands, the plane where minds travel to when they sleep. The Kalashtar originate in Eberron, seeing their first appearance as a playable race in back in DnD 3.5 in the Races of Eberron supplement. Kalashtar's racial traits center around the mind, including increases ...Half-Dragon In Inches In Pounds; Race Male Base Height Female Base Height Modifier Male Base Weight Female Base Weight Modifier; Bronze: 74: 68: 2d4: 150: 120: 3d8: Chiang LungPreschooler weight and height chart. Most children gain about 4.4 pounds each year between 2 years old and puberty. They also grow 3 inches (8 cm) in height between 2 and 3 years old, and 2 3/4 inches (7 cm) between 3 and 4 years old. You might have trouble visualizing it, but by 24 to 30 months, children reach half their adult height. AgeAasimar have the same range of height and weight as humans. Your size is Medium. Speed. Your base walking speed is 30 feet. Darkvision. Blessed with a radiant soul, your vision can easily cut through darkness. You can see in dim light within 60 feet of you as if it were bright light, and in darkness as if it were dim light.It gave the ideal weight conferring to height and the following formulae were used in the traditional weight calculators: Ideal body weight for men = 50 kg + 1.9 kg for every inch above 5 feet. Ideal body weight for female = 49 kg + 1.7 kg for every inch above 5 feet.Ability Score Increase: +2 STR and +1 CON make the half-orc a wonderful pick for almost any martial class. Alignment: Half-orcs tend to lean towards their chaotic nature. When raised among their orc counterparts, they are usually evil. Size: Half-orcs are medium creatures, ranging from 5-6 feet tall.Jun 1, 2019 · There is a reason for this. There should at least be a chart of a height range for creatures in a certain category (Small 2.5'-4.5 feet, Medium 4.5'-8', etc...). There is one for 3.5e, but not for 5e. There are spells that give a specific height and radius of it's effects (walls, spheres, etc), and others that say it can hold a "large creature". Your carrying capacity is your Strength score multiplied by 15. This is the weight (in pounds) that you can carry, which is high enough that most characters don't usually have to worry about it. Push, Drag, or Lift. You can push, drag, or lift a weight in pounds up to twice your carrying capacity (or 30 times your Strength score).Small - 5 by 5 ft. Medium - 5 by 5 ft. Large - 10 by 10 ft. Huge - 15 by 15 ft. Gargantuan - 20 by 20 ft. or larger. With that in mind, it's unlikely that a tiny familiar could slip under doors or through cracks in window frames. Specifically, many Medium creatures stand between about 4' and 6' tall. As Medium, they control 5' of space around ...To set your height and weight randomly, start with rolling a size modifier: Size modifier = 2d8. Height = 4 feet + 6 inches + your size modifier in inches. Weight in pounds = 90 + (2d4 × your size modifier) Speed: Your base walking speed is 30 feet. Darkvision: You have superior vision in dark and dim conditions. You can see in dim light ...Given below are the complete Kelly Clarkson body measurements including her height, weight, dress, bra and shoe size. Height: 5′ 3″ (1.61 m) Weight: 79 kg (174 pounds) Shoe Size: 7 (US) Bra Size: 34C; Dress Size: 12 (US) Body Measurements: 37-31-37; Kelly Clarkson Interesting Facts: Her natural hair color is brunette.A creature can take this damage only once per round. At the end of the turn, the wall's height is reduced by 50 feet, and. the damage creatures take from the spell on subsequent rounds is reduced by 1d10. When the wall reaches 0 feet in height, the spell ends.A creature caught in the wall can move by swimming.Jan 1, 2018 · Random Shifter Height and Weight; Gender Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier; Female ... 5e satheyo satheyo satheyo 2018-01-01T05:09:07Z 2018-01 ... 2 Answers Sorted by: 13 It's hard to say In the Wayfinder's Guide to Eberron, the specific subraces have guidance on build and weight difference. That being said, only the …Size: Tortle adults stand 5 to 6 feet tall and average 450 pounds. Their shells account for roughly one-third of their weight. Your size is Medium. In Explorer's Guide to Wildemount, your height is 4'10" with a modifier of +2d8. Your weight is 400 lbs. with a …Aug 20, 2017 · Max. Height: 9 ft. Max. Wingspan: 45 ft. Min. wingspan: 18 ft. Weight: 2,700 lb. Various dragons are somewhat different, but not much. According to 3.5e Draconomicon, max. wingspan is the actual tip-to-tip span of the wings when they are fully spread out. The min. wingspan is the minimum space in which a dragon can still utilize its wings to ... And since Harengon are brand new with no height info whatsoever, I found the idea of 7 and a half foot tall bunny people hilarious, so that’s what I did. Also a 7’6” Harengon would weigh a minimum of 73 lbs and average of 193 lbs. due to the weight modifier. quuerdude • Bountifully Lucky • 7 mo. ago. Height and Weight [] Player characters, regardless of race, typically fall into the same ranges of height and weight that humans have in our world. If you'd like to determine your character's height or weight randomly, consult the Random Height and Weight table in the Player's Handbook, and choose the row in the table that best represents the ...Hill Giant. These D&D 5E Free Basic Rules only contain a fraction of the races, subclasses, backgrounds, feats, items, monsters, spells, and other content available on Roll20. Check out the Player's Handbook to add dozens of more player options to the Charactermancer, the Dungeon Master's Guide to expand on the tools available for DMs, and the ...Table: Minotaur Random Height and Weight Base Height Height Modifier Base Weight Weight Modifier 7′9″ + 3d10 in: 360 lb. 4d6 lb.The maximum ages are for player characters. Most people in the world at large die from pestilence, accidents, infections, or violence before getting to venerable age. 1 At middle age, -1 to Str, Dex, and Con; +1 to Int, Wis, and Cha. 2 At old age, -2 to Str, Dex, and Con; +1 to Int, Wis, and Cha. 3 At venerable age, -3 to Str, Dex, and Con; +1 ...If you want more specific information on a given creature, many entries in the 3.5E Monster Manuals included a section on typical height and weight. For example.... An Astral Deva is about 7-1/2 feet tall and weighs about 250 lbs. 3.5E MM, page 11. A Displacer Beast is the size of a Bengal Tiger, about 9 feet long and weighs about 500 lbs. page 67A coven of hags lost one of its members. You were created to replace the lost hag. 4. You were cursed as a child. A deal with the spirits of the forest transformed you into a hexblood, now free of the curse. 5. You began life as a fey creature, but an accident changed you and forced you from your home. 6.Frogfolk go from 4 feet to well over 5 feet tall, and weigh up to 90 pounds. Your size is Medium. Speed. Your base walking speed is 30 feet. Darkvision. You can see in dim light within 60 feet of you as if it were bright light, and in darkness as if it were dim light. You can't discern color in darkness, only shades of gray.Size. In pixie form fairy sizes ranging from 3 to 5 inches in pixie form. In giant form they are 12 times this size, going from 3 to 5 inches to 3 to 5 feet tall. Your size is tiny as a pixies and medium as a giant. Speed. Your base walking speed is 30 feet, and your base flying speed is 25 feet. Transformation. You can also calculate your BMI using the chart below. Mark the square where your height and weight cross. The column where they cross will show you if you are at a healthy weight, overweight, or obese. Body Mass Index (BMI) Chart. Healthy Weight Overweight Obese. BMI1 92 02 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 93 03 13 23 33 43 5. Height Weight (in pounds)Frogfolk go from 4 feet to well over 5 feet tall, and weigh up to 90 p, 30 ft. 3. 30 ft. 20 ft. 1This means a biped’s height or a quadruped, Average Weight: Male: 124-280 lbs. (56.2-127 kg; Female: 89-245 lbs. (40.4-111 kg) ... one ca, Nov 1, 2019 ... A Dungeons and Dragons 5th Edition character creation tutorial. Sponsored by Hero Forge: http://, Dwarves mature at the same rate as humans, but they're considered young until they reach the age of 50. On avera, Average Height and Weight. Average height modifier: 11 inches. Average weight modifier: 77 pounds. Domina, An amphibious humanoid capable of thriving in a variety of classes an, Home » Health Information for the Public » Education, For men, the ideal weight calculator uses the following equat, Height and Weight [] Player characters, regardless of ra, A healthy weight can help control high blood pressure, manage chol, Size: Dragonborn are taller and heavier than humans, st, A creature can take this damage only once per round. At t, Text for dragonborn states they are well above 180c, You count as one size larger when determining your c, Size. In pixie form fairy sizes ranging from 3 to , Bugbear DnD 5e traits and features. This beginner guide provide, Boys 2-18 years growth chart.pdf 213.48 KB. Girls 2-18 years gr.